SOBANUKIRWA BIRAMBUYE INDWARA YA DIYABETI BAKUNZE KWITA INDRWARA Y’ISUKARI , INDWARA IDAKIRA

IBIMENYETSO BYAYO N’UKO WAYIRINDA

BYATEGUWE NA COLLEGE SAINT ANDRE MEDIA CLUB

UBUZIMA BUZIRA UMUZE KU ISONGA MU BIFASHA IGIHUGU CYACU GUTERE IMBERE

                               

INDWARA YA DIYABETI

Ese Diyabete cyangwa indwara y’isukari (diabetes mellitus) ni iki?

Diyabete cyangwa indwara y’isukari (diabetes mellitus) ni indwara yibasira uburyo umubiri ukoresha isukari (isukari yo mu maraso izwi nka glucose), uyirwaye akaba agira isukari nyinshi mu maraso, bitewe n’uko impindura (pancreas) iba itakibasha kuvubura umusemburo wa Insiline(Insulin) cyangwa se uturemangingo tw’umubiri tutumva neza uwo musemburo.Muri iki gihe abantu benshi bazi neza indwara ya diyabeti, ariko si benshi bazi ubukana bwayo, bumwe mu bubi bwa diyabeti rero harimo n’uko ishobora gutera ubuhumyi.

Nyamara ariko siko abantu bose bafite iyi ndwara bahinduka impumyi. Birashoboka cyane rero kubwirinda.

Ubwoko bwa Diyabete

1. Diyabeti y’ubwoko bwa 1:
Iboneka cyane cyane mu bana n’ingimbi ariko ishobora kuboneka ku myaka yose. Aho nta wa musemburo wa insuline umubiri uba ugikora kuko uturemangingo (cells) tuyikora tuba twarishwe n’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri twitiranyijwe n’umwanzi wateye umubiri. Umurwayi wayo yitera uriya musemburo iminsi yose y’ubuzima bwe.
2. Diyabeti y’ubwoko bwa 2:
Ubu nibwo bwoko burwawe na benshi (abarenga 60%). Bwibanda cyane ku bantu barengeje imyaka 40 y’amavuko, igaterwa na wa musemburo wa insuline udahagije (insuffisance) cyangwa udakoreshwa neza (résistance à l’insuline). Iterwa cyane n’imirire itari myiza (kurya ibirenze ibikenewe), umbyibuho ukabije, imyaka y’amavuko, indwara yo mu muryango (héréditaire), gukoresha nabi imiti imwe n’imwe, umujagararo (stress), kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa guhora ukora akazi gatuma wicara hamwe. Ubu bwoko bwa diyabeti tubasha kubwirinda.
Kuragwa diyabeti birashoboka ariko kwitwara neza byatuma uyirinda n’ubwo abo mufitanye isano baba bayirwara.
3. Diyabete y’ababyeyi batwite (gestational diabetes): Ababyeyi 2-5% bajya bayigira igihe batwite.
4. Diyabete itagira isukari (diabète insipide): Isukari yo mu maraso iba iri ku bipimo byiza ariko umuntu akihagarika cyane. Ni indwara iterwa n’uko umusemburo (hormone) ishizwe ikoreshwa ry’amazi mu mubiri uba udahagije.

                               

IBIMENYETSO BYAKWEREKA KO UGIYE KURWARA DIYABETI

Ibimenyetso 7 waheraho ukajya kwipimisha diyabete hakiri kare:

1.Kureba ibicyezicyezi; Akenshi diyabete yo mu buryo bwa 2 irangwa nuko igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso cyazamutse, iyo rero gitangiye kuzamuka birangwa nuko ubushobozi bwo kureba bugenda bugabanyuka nuko kwitegereza ikintu neza ntibibe bigishobotse ahubwo ugasanga ibyo ureba bitagaragara neza, bimeze nk’aho biri mu gihu.Iyo igipimo cy’isukari gisubiye ku rugero nyarwo kwa kureba ibicyezicyezi birashira, ukongera ukareba neza.

2.Guhorana icyaka; Iyo isukari ibaye nyinshi mu mubiri wacu, haba hasigaye akazi k’impyiko ko gusohora iyabaye umurengera. Ibi bituma unyaragura cyane, bityo uko unyara kenshi ni nako umubiri utakaza amazi menshi cyane nuko kugirango umubiri ukwereke ko ucyeneye kongeramo ayandi, bikarangwa no kugira inyota idashira. ,

3.Gutakaza ibiro ku buryo budasanzwe; Mu gihe umubiri utari kubasha kubona ingufu ukeneye zivuye mu isukari yo mu maraso, uhitamo gukoresha ibindi biri mu mubiri bishobora gutanga ingufu, cyane cyane ibinure.

4.Indwara ziterwa na mikorobi n’ibisebe bidakira vuba; Iyo isukari ibaye nyinshi bituma amaraso atabasha gutembera neza mu mubiri bityo uruhu ntirubashe kwisana neza kandi vuba mu gihe hari ikirukomerekeje. Si ibyo gusa kuko binatuma mikorobi za bagiteri n’imiyege zikomeza kwiyongera bityo indwara ziterwa na zo ntizikire, zanakira zikagaruka vuba.

5.Umunaniro udasanzwe; Isukari yo mu maraso niyo umubiri wacu ubyazamo ingufu ukoresha. Ariko iyo uri mu nzira zo kurwara diyabete, bituma insulin ihangana bityo umubiri ntubashe gukoresha isukari ngo uyihinduremo ingufu ukeneye. Ibyo bitera guhorana umunaniro kandi nta kintu gitwara ingufu wakoze.

6.Kongera ibiro bidasanzwe; Nubwo twabonye ko umubiri udakoresha isukari bityo ukaba watakaza ibiro cyane, noneho hari igihe kwa guhangana no gutsimbarara kwa insulin bitera umubiri gukenera ingufu cyane, nuko bikagusaba kurya byinshi kandi byongera ingufu, ingaruka ikaba kwiyongera kw’ibiro, nabwo ariko ku gipimo cyo hejuru.

7.Impinduka ku ruhu; Kubera kuzamuka kw’igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso, bituma n’igipimo cya insulin cyiyongera. Uku kuzamuka kwayo rero bituma uturemangingo two ku ruhu dukura ku muvuduko udasanzwe nuko bigatera kwirabura cyangwa kwijima ku ruhu cyane cyane ku ijosi inyuma, ku nkokora, mu ihiniro ry’ukuboko, ndetse ukumva horohereye cyane bidasanzwe. Ikindi ni uko rimwe na rimwe ku ruhu ubona hameze nk’ahahiye ku buryo hatutumba, ibi na byo bikaba byerekana ko amaraso ari gutembera nabi.

Nawe ubwawe wakigurira agakoresho gakoreshwa mu gupima isukari yo mu maraso. Kaboneka henshi muri za farumasi, aho uzakagurira bazagusobanurira uko gakoreshwa.Kamwe mu dukoresho dupima isukari mu maraso

Ni ibihe bipimo nabona

• Iyo igipimo cy’isukari kiri munsi ya 140mg/dl nta kibazo uba ufite
• Hagati ya 140mg/dl na 199mg/dl uba ushobora kurwara diyabete, niho ibi bimenyetso bigaragarira. Ugana ivuriro bakagufasha kuba igipimo cyasubira hasi
• Iyo igipimo kiri hejuru ya 200mg/dl uba urwaye diyabete, usabwa gufata imiti ituma indwara itakuzahaza.

Icyitonderwa: Ibi bipimo byose ubifata utararya, kuko iyo umaze kurya iki gipimo kirazamuka, ukaba wakibeshya ko urwaye kandi uri muzima

                               

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1. Buri gihe ni ngombwa kugenzura uko wiyongera ibiro

Umubyibuho ni yo mpamvu ya mbere y’indwara ya diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2. Hari ibintu bibiri rero umuntu akwiye gukora ngo ayirinde :

a) Kugenzura uko wiyongera ibiro wifashishije urutonde rw’impuzandengo (BMI). Ibi bitanga ingaruka nziza mu kwirinda indwara ya diyabete n’izindi. Aha rero ni ngombwa kugenzura ibyo urya kandi na none ukarya ku rugero rukwiriye.

b) Niba ubona ibiro byawe bimaze kurenga, ni ngombwa kugira gahunda yo kubigabanya. Kugabanya umubyibuho rero si ikintu cyoroshye, bisaba kwiyemeza ndetse n’ubufasha bw’inshuti n’abavandimwe.

Hari uburyo bwinshi umuntu yakoresha agabanya umubyibuho ukabije. Urugero:

1° Kwasa inkwi ukoresheje ishoka (indyabiti).

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iyo wasa inkwi igihe cy’isaha uba utakaje kilokalori 400 zishobora kubyarwa n’amagarama 44 y’ibinure. Ibi rero bigenda bigabanya umubyibuho kandi ku buryo budahenze.

2. Kumara nibura isaha yose woga mu kidendezi cy’amazi (piscine)

Bituma utakaza ingufu zingana na kilokalori 200 arizo zihwanye n’amagarama 22 y’ibinure byibitse mu mubiri. Ubu nabwo ni uburyo budahenze bwo kugabanya umubyibuho.

3. Kunywa amazi menshi akonje

Iyo unyoye amazi akonje, ni ngombwa ko umubiri utanga ubushyuhe kugira ngo ya mazi agere ku rugero rw’ubushyuhe bw’umubiri, ni ukuvuga dogere 37. Ubu bushyuhe buva mu gutwikwa kw’amasukari cyangwa urugimbu byibitse mu mubiri. Ibi bituma ya mavuta yatumye umubyibuho wiyongera agabanuka ari nabwo buryo bwo kugabanya uwo mubyibuho.

Urugero : Niba umuntu afashe ibirahuri 6 by’amazi akonje (kimwe gipima garama 250). Hazakoreshwa ibinure bingana iki ngo ubushyuhe bw’amazi buzamuke kuva kuri dogere 0 bugere kuri degere 37 z’ubumubiri ?

Igisubizo : Hakoreshejwe impine izwi mu butabire q = Mw x C x DT dusanga hazakoreshwa karoli 55 500 arizo zingana na kilokalori 55,5.

Izi kilokalori rero zitangwa n’amagarama 6 y’amavuta. Niba ibi ubikoze kabiri ku munsi umuntu atakaza garama 12. Ubu buryo tubonye bugabanya umubyibuho. Ariko ni ngombwa kugenzura ibyo urya kugira ngo udakuraho kandi usubizaho. Ni ukuvuga kugabanyaho 1/3 ku byo wari usanzwe urya, kugabanya umunyu wari usanzwe urya, kunywa litiro 2 z’amazi ku munsi ndetse no gufata ibyo kurya bikize ku myunyu ya potasiyumu, kalisiyumu na manyeziyumu.

2. Ni ngomwa kwitondera amavuta turya

Amavuta arakenewe mu mubiri. Atanga ubushyuhe kandi afasha mu iyubakwa ry’umubiri ndetse n’itembera ry’intungamubiri zimwe na zimwe. Aboneka cyane mu biribwa biva ku bihingwa n’ibiva ku nyamaswa nk’inyama n’amata.

Inama ni uko amavuta umuntu afata ku munsi atagombye kurenza 30 ku ijana ya za kalori zikenewe n’umubiri ku munsi. Kugirango ugere kuri iyi ntego rero ni ngombwa kugabanya amavuta ava ku nyamaswa n’ibiribwa bindi bikize ku mavuta (amafiriti, shokola, amandazi n’ibindi). Na none kandi ni ngombwa kwimenyereza ibiryo bidatekeshejwe amavuta.

                               

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3. Gabanya urugero rw’isukari icishijwe mu ruganda ufata

Hari inkomoko nyinshi y’amasukari. Ariko isukari icishijwe mu ruganda niyo ifata umwanya munini mu kongera indwara ya diyabete. Iyi sukari rero iboneka mu biribwa bimwe na bimwe n’ibinyobwa (imigati, amabombo, ibisuguti, fanta, imitobe, byeri n’ahandi) cyangwa abana bakayirya uko iri (kurigata). Ibi rero byongera kwigaragaza kwa diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2. Ikindi kandi ni uko isukari yongera urugero rw’amavuta mu mubiri bigatera umubyibuho. Ni ngombwa rero gusimbuza iyi sukari ubuki, umutobe utongerewemo isukari cyangwa ibisheke bidaciye mu ruganda.

4. Ihatire kurya ibisukura umubiri (fibres)

Ibisukura umubiri (fibres) bifasha umubiri mu buryo bunyuranye :

 Bikora nk’ umweyo mu rwungano ngogozi ku buryo byirukana imyanda yihisha mu mara ikaba yatera kanseri y’urura runini.

 Bigabanya urugero rw’isukari yakagombye kugera mu maraso ivuye mu byo turiye (limiter l’absorption). Ibi bikagabanya ibyago byo kurwara diyabete.

 Bigabanya urugero rw’amavuta yakagombye kugera mu maraso avuye mu byo turiye;

 Bituma umwanda mukuru usohoka neza bigatuma twirinda indwara yitwa hémoroïde (soma emoroyide);

 Bigabanya umubyibuho kuko bigabanya urugero rw’ibyo turya bigera mu maraso.

Ni ngombwa rero gukunda kurya imboga, imbuto ndetse n’ibinyampeke bidahinduye kugira ngo twunguke ibyiza by’ibi byo kurya. Ni ngombwa kutarenza garama 25 za fibres ku munsi.

5. Hagarika kunywa itabi

Guhagarika itabi bigabanya cyane kanseri n’indwara ya diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2 byuririra ku itabi.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abantu bahagarika itabi mbere y’imyaka 50 bagabanyaho icya kabiri ibyago byo gupfa mu myaka 15 ikurikiyeho. Ni ukuvuga ko abantu bahagarika itabi babaho igihe kirekire ugereranyije n’abakomeza kurinywa. Ikindi kandi umuntu umwe kuri babiri afite ibyago byo kurwara diyabete ugereranyije n’abatarinywa. Guhagarika itabi ntibikunda koroha bitewe n’akamenyero. Niyo mpamvu bisaba kwiyemeza ndetse n’ubufasha bw’inshuti, abavandimwe n’ab’umuryango.

6. Iga guhangana n’ikibazo cyo kunaniza ubwonko (stress)

Umunaniro w’ubwonko uterwa n’intekerezo kubera ibibazo, imiruho n’imihati duhura nabyo buri munsi. Uyu munaniro utera indwara ya diyabete akaba ari yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kumenya uburyo bwo guhangana n’uyu munaniro.
Uburyo bwiza rero bwo guhangana n’uyu munaniro ni ukugira umuntu uganiriza ibyawe wumva wisanzuyeho. Kugerageza gukora uturimo two kukurangaza no kukwibagiza nko gusenga, kuririmba, gutembera.

Na none kandi bisaba gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri : kugendagenda, kwiruka, kugenda ku igare, gusimbuka umugozi, koga mu mazi menshi (piscine), gukina umupira w’intoki. Ariko ikiruta byose ni ikiruhuko.

Ubu buryo bwo guhangana n’umunaniro bukoreshwa n’abantu birinda indwara ya diyabete. Ariko kandi n’abamaze kuyirwara bakeneye gukoresha ubu buryo ngo babane neza n’indwara.

                               

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7. Ni ngombwa gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri

Imyitozo ngororamubiri irakenewe mu kwirinda indwara ya diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2 n’izindi ndwara ziyuririraho. Imyitozo ni ingenzi cyane kubera impamvu zikurikira :

 Ifasha umubiri kugumana ibiro bikwiriye;

 Yongera imikoreshereze y’umusemburo wa insuline kubera ko igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kuri uwo musemburo;

 Ifasha kugira ubuzima bwiza bw’umutima no kumva umubiri umerewe neza muri rusange;

 Imyitozo irinda kwiyongera kwa kolesiterole (ibinure byinshi mu mitsi itembereza amaraso mu mubiri);

 Imyitozo ngororamubiri igira akamaro ko kurinda kanseri y’amabere n’iy’urura runini.

Ubushakashatsi bwa Finnish Diabetes Prevention bwerekanye ko imyitozo ngororamubiri igabanyaho 58 % ibyago byo kurwara diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2. Imyitozo yakagombye gukorwa nibura iminota 30 buri munsi kandi hashingiwe ku miterere y’umuntu (ubukuru cyangwa uko amerewe mu mubiri).

8. Ni ngombwa kwisuzumisha

Abantu benshi usanga babana n’indwara ya diyabete batabizi. Kuyisuzumisha bituma tumenya urugero rw’isukari iri mu maraso yacu bigatuma dukora ibishoboka byose ngo igume ku rugero rudateje umubiri ikibazo.

Ikindi kandi, kwisuzumisha bituma dutangira kwivuza hakiri kare igihe dusanze twaragize ibyago byo kurwara. Ibi bituma tuyifatirana bikadufasha kwirinda kurembywa nayo hakiri kare.

Ibi rero bireba buri wese ariko cyane cyane ba bantu bafite ibyago byinshi (haut risque) byo kurwara indwara ya diyabete.

9. Itondere inzoga (boissons alcolisées)

Inzoga zigira uruhare runini mu kwangiriza umubiri wacu. Inzoga zirabujijwe ku buryo budasubirwaho ku bantu :

 Batwite;

 Barwaye igifu, umwijima, impindura;

 Ku bantu bakoresha umuti bita chloropromide igihe barwaye diyabete.

Kubera ko rero inzoga ishobora kongera umubyibuho, gutera indwara z’umutima, indwara z’umwijima, diyabete y’ubwoko bwa kabiri, n’izindi. Ni byiza rwose ko umuntu areka inzoga.

10. Konsa igihe kigenwe

Konsa igihe kirekire birinda umwana indwara ya diyabete y’ubwoko bwa mbere. Naho guha umwana amata y’inka igihe kitaragera bimwongerera ibyago byo kurwara diyabete y’ubwoko bwa mbere. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko 50 % by’abana bahawe amata batarageza ku mezi ane y’ubukure barwara diyabete y’ubwoko bwa mbere.

Ni ngombwa rero uko bishobotse kose konsa umwana kugira ngo tumurinde ibyago byo kwandura iyi ndwara.

11. Ni ngombwa kwikingiza

Kwikingiza ni imwe mu nama zo kwirinda diyabete y’ubwoko bwa mbere. Hari ubwo diyabete y’ubwoko bwa mbere iterwa na virusi zishobora kwinjira mu mubiri zigatuma ubutaraga bwawo bwangiza ingirabuzima zikora umusemburo wa insuline.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe nk’umwijima uterwa na virusi, imbasa, iseru, amashamba n’izindi ziterwa na virusi zishobora gutuma turwara indwara ya diyabete y’ubwoko bwa mbere. Mu rwego rwo kuyirinda ni ngombwa kwikingiza izo ndwara.

                               

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12. Irinde ikintu cyose cyangiza umwijima

Bizwi neza ko umwijima ariwo kigega cy’umubiri. Mu mwijima hatunganirizwa ibintu byose bizanywe n’amaraso bivuye mu mara. Ni ngombwa :

 Kudafata ibyo kurya bigora umwijima mu mirimo yawo : ibinyamavuta n’ibyubaka umubiri byinshi;

 Kwirinda inzoga;

 Kwirinda imiti imwe n’imwe, itabi, ndetse n’ibyo bongera mu byo turya (additifs chimiques).

Nitudakurikiza aya mabwiriza, inshingano zimwe na zimwe z’umwijima zizatakara kubera kunanizwa. Muri izo nshingano twavuga nk’iyo kubika isukari. Niba iyi nshingano y’umwijima idakozwe nk’uko bikwiriye, indwara ya diyabete ihita yigaragaza.

13. Hitamo neza

Kugira ubuzima bwiza bisaba guhitamo neza. Kuko ingaruka zo guhitamo kwacu ku by’ubuzima ntizigera kuri twe ubwacu gusa, ahubwo zigera no ku bana bacu. Ibintu by’akoko (hérédité) bigira uruhare mu kwanduza indwara ya diyabete. Niba rero tubayeho ubuzima bwiza bidufasha kwirinda indwara nka diyabete na none kandi tukaba tunayirinze abana bacu.

Ariko n’ubwo twaba tudafite abana, tugomba kwiyitaho tukagira ubuzima bwiza maze tukagira umusanzu dutanga mu kubaka isi yacu.

14. Menya ko byose ari uburozi, ariko...

" Menya ko byose ari uburozi ariko biterwa n’urugero ubifasheho", byavuzwe na Palsales.

Twabonye ko bimwe mu byo kurya n’ubwo wabifata ku rugero rwo hasi bitera ibibazo bikomeye ku buzima. Ariko mu mitekerereze y’uyu muhanga tubonye haruguru, yerekana ko n’ibyo kurya byiza ufashe ku rugero rurenze bihinduka uburozi.

" Ushobora kuba ukoresha ibyo kurya byiza, nyamara kubera ko urya ibyo kurya byinshi, ushobora kugira ibiro birenze bigatera ingaruka ku buzima harimo n’indwara ya diyabete,... kurya ibyo kurya byinshi n’ubwo byaba ari byiza, nabyo bishobora kwangiza ubuzima... tugomba kumenya ko dukwiriye kurya amoko anyuranye y’ibyo kurya (indyo yuzuye), birimo intungamubiri za ngombwa dukeneye, kandi na none tukirinda kurya byinshi no kunaniza umubiri. Mu bintu byose birebana n’ubuzima, kutarenza urugero ni rwo rufunguzo".

15. Ibyo kurya byawe bibe umuti wawe

“ Ibyo kurya byawe bibe umuti wawe kandi umuti wawe ube ibyo kurya”, byavuzwe na Hippocrate. Uyu muhanga mu buvuzi ari nawe dukesha igitekerezo cy’ubuvuzi yerekana ko ibyo kurya byacu bigomba kuba imiti yacu. Ibi rero bisaba guhitamo mu byo turya ibigirira imibiri yacu akamaro, bikaturinda indwara cyangwa se bikaba byanazikiza.

Ariko kuko abantu badahuje ubumenyi ku byerekeye imirire, ni ngombwa ko udasobanukiwe yumva ko afite ikibazo akegera uwamufasha muri uru rwego.

Birashoboka ko umuntu yica amategeko y’imirire abizi cyangwa atabizi ariko ingaruka ziba zimwe. Niyo mpamvu rero tugomba kwita ku nshingano yacu yo gushaka amakuru ku buzima, maze ibyo kurya byacu bikaba umuti wacu.

MURAKOZE